computing
computing is to find out something by using mathematical processes …which doesn’t necessarily require computers
computing is the evolution of an environment via repeated applications of simple, local rules
computational lens
“is it likely / could this computation (i.e. folding proteins) be done within the timeframe given?”
these computations emerge sometimes naturally; such as markets computing equilibrium simply by buying and selling directly.
zero-knowledge
zero-knowledge proofs are proofs which is able to show results in computation without being given the knowledge that’s needed as inputs to the proof. this is usually true due to limited resources in computation
graph coloring
can we legally 3-color (such that any adjacent nodes are colored differently) some particular graph? a central question of computer science: because if you can, then P=NP; otherwise P!=NP.
4-coloring theorem
any graph can be colored with a legal 4-coloring